税务总局2010年第4号公告 《企业重组业务企业所得税管理办法》中英文对照
发文时间:2010-07-26
文号:税务总局2010年第4号公告-
时效性:全文有效
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<p> 现将《企业重组业务企业所得税管理办法》予以发布,自2010年1月1日起施行。 The Administrative Measures for Enterprise Income Tax on Enterprises&#39; Restructuring Business is hereby promulgated, which shall come into effect on January 1, 2010.</p><p><br/></p><p>  本办法发布时企业已经完成重组业务的,如适用《财政部国家税务总局关于企业重组业务企业所得税处理若干问题的通知》(财税[2009]59号)特殊税务处理,企业没有按照本办法要求准备相关资料的,应补备相关资料;需要税务机关确认的,按照本办法要求补充确认。2008、2009年度企业重组业务尚未进行税务处理的,可按本办法处理。 Where the enterprise has already completed the restructuring business upon the promulgation of these Measures, and if the special taxation treatment provided in the Circular of the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation on Issues Concerning the Enterprise Income Tax on Enterprises&#39; Restructuring Business (Cai Shui [2009] No. 59) applies but such enterprise fails to prepare relevant materials in accordance with the requirements of these Measures, then such enterprises shall file relevant materials for supplement; in case that the confirmation of taxation authorities is required, such confirmation shall be supplemented in accordance with the requirements of these Measures. Where the 2008 or 2009 restructuring business of an enterprise has not yet been subject to taxation treatment, the relevant taxation shall be handled in accordance with these Measures.</p><p><br/></p><p>  特此公告。&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp; &nbsp; It is hereby notified the above.</p><p><br/></p><p>  企业重组业务企业所得税管理办法&nbsp;</p><p>Administrative Measures for Enterprise Income Tax on Enterprises&#39; Restructuring Business</p><p><br/></p><p>  第一章总则及定义&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp; &nbsp; Chapter I General Provisions and Definitions&nbsp;</p><p>  第一条为规范和加强对企业重组业务的企业所得税管理,根据《中华人民共和国企业所得税法》(以下简称《税法》)及其实施条例(以下简称《实施条例》)、《中华人民共和国税收征收管理法》及其实施细则(以下简称《征管法》)、《财政部国家税务总局关于企业重组业务企业所得税处理若干问题的通知》(财税[2009]59号)(以下简称《通知》)等有关规定,制定本办法。</p><p>&nbsp;Article 1 These Measures are formulated in accordance with the Enterprise Income Tax Law of the People&#39;s Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as &quot;Tax Law&quot;) and its implementing rules (hereinafter referred to as &quot;Rules&quot;), the Law of the People&#39;s Republic of China on Taxation Collection Administration (hereinafter referred to as &quot;Collection Administration Law&quot;), the Circular of the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation on Issues Concerning the Enterprise Income Tax for Enterprises&#39; Restructuring Business (Cai Shui [2009] No.59) (hereinafter referred to as &quot;Circular&quot;) and other related regulations for the purpose of regulating and strengthening the administration on enterprise income tax for enterprises&#39; restructuring business.</p><p><br/></p><p>  第二条本办法所称企业重组业务,是指《通知》第一条所规定的企业法律形式改变、债务重组、股权收购、资产收购、合并、分立等各类重组。</p><p>&nbsp;Article 2 For the purpose of these Measures, &quot;enterprises&#39; restructuring business&quot; refers to all types of restructuring set out in Article 1 of the Circular such as change of enterprise&#39;s legal form, debt restructuring, equity acquisition, assets purchase, merger or consolidation and split-off.</p><p><br/></p><p>  第三条企业发生各类重组业务,其当事各方,按重组类型,分别指以下企业:</p><p>  (一)债务重组中当事各方,指债务人及债权人。</p><p>  (二)股权收购中当事各方,指收购方、转让方及被收购企业。</p><p>  (三)资产收购中当事各方,指转让方、受让方。</p><p>  (四)合并中当事各方,指合并企业、被合并企业及各方股东。</p><p>  (五)分立中当事各方,指分立企业、被分立企业及各方股东。</p><p>&nbsp;Article 3 In case of any type of restructuring business of an enterprise, the parties thereto respectively refer to the following enterprises based on the type of restructuring:</p><p>1. in case of debt restructuring, the parties refer to debtor and creditor.</p><p>2. in case of equity acquisition, the parties refer to acquiring party, transferring party and the acquired enterprise.</p><p>3. in case of assets purchase, the parties refer to transferring party and transferee.</p><p>4. in case of merger or consolidation, the parties refer to merging or consolidating enterprise, merged or consolidated enterprise and the shareholders thereof. And</p><p>5. in case of split-off, the parties refer to surviving enterprise, divided enterprise and the shareholders thereof.</p><p><br/></p><p>  第四条同一重组业务的当事各方应采取一致税务处理原则,即统一按一般性或特殊性税务处理。</p><p>&nbsp;Article 4 The parties to the same restructuring business shall adopt the consistent principle for taxation treatment, i.e. being treated uniformly as general or special taxation issues.</p><p><br/></p><p>  第五条《通知》第一条第(四)项所称实质经营性资产,是指企业用于从事生产经营活动、与产生经营收入直接相关的资产,包括经营所用各类资产、企业拥有的商业信息和技术、经营活动产生的应收款项、投资资产等。</p><p>&nbsp;Article 5 For the purpose of Item 4, Article 1 of the Circular, &quot;substantial operation assets&quot; refers to assets in direct connection with the generation of operation revenue that is used by the enterprise for engaging in production and operation activities, including all kinds of assets used in operation, commercial information and technology used by enterprises, receivables generated in operation activities and investment assets, etc.</p><p><br/></p><p>  第六条《通知》第二条所称控股企业,是指由本企业直接持有股份的企业。</p><p>&nbsp;Article 6 For the purpose of the Circular, &quot;controlling enterprise&quot; refers to the enterprises in which the enterprise concerned directly has shares.</p><p><br/></p><p>  第七条《通知》中规定的企业重组,其重组日的确定,按以下规定处理:</p><p>  (一)债务重组,以债务重组合同或协议生效日为重组日。</p><p>  (二)股权收购,以转让协议生效且完成股权变更手续日为重组日。</p><p>  (三)资产收购,以转让协议生效且完成资产实际交割日为重组日。</p><p>  (四)企业合并,以合并企业取得被合并企业资产所有权并完成工商登记变更日期为重组日。</p><p>  (五)企业分立,以分立企业取得被分立企业资产所有权并完成工商登记变更日期为重组日。</p><p>&nbsp;Article 7 The determination of the date of restructuring for the enterprise&#39;s restructuring as provided in the Circular shall be handled in accordance with the following provisions:</p><p>1. in case of restructuring, the date of restructuring shall be the effective date of the contract or agreement for debt restructuring.</p><p>2. in case of equity acquisition, the date of restructuring shall be the date when the transfer agreement is effective and the formalities for change of equity have been completed.</p><p>3. in case of assets purchase, the date of restructuring shall be date when the transfer agreement is effective and the actual closing of assets is completed.</p><p>4. in case of enterprise merger or consolidation, the restructuring date shall the date when the merging or consolidating enterprise has obtained the ownership of the merged or consolidated enterprises&#39; assets and the change of industrial and commercial registration is completed.</p><p>5. in case of enterprise split-off, the restructuring date shall the date when the surviving enterprise has obtained the ownership of the divided enterprises&#39; assets and the change of industrial and commercial registration is completed.</p><p><br/></p><p>  第八条重组业务完成年度的确定,可以按各当事方适用的会计准则确定,具体参照各当事方经审计的年度财务报告。由于当事方适用的会计准则不同导致重组业务完成年度的判定有差异时,各当事方应协商一致,确定同一个纳税年度作为重组业务完成年度。</p><p>&nbsp;Article 8 The determination of the year when the restructuring business is completed may be based on the accounting rules applicable to each party which shall be specifically referred to the audited annual financial report of the parties. In case of any divergence of the determination of the year when the restructuring business is completed due to different accounting rules applicable to each party, the parties shall negotiate and determine a tax year as the year when the restructuring business is completed.</p><p><br/></p><p>  第九条本办法所称评估机构,是指具有合法资质的中国资产评估机构。</p><p>   Article 9 For the purpose of these Measures, &quot;evaluation institution&quot; refers to Chinese assets evaluation institutions with legal qualifications.</p><p><br/></p><p>  第二章企业重组一般性税务处理管理    &nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp; &nbsp; Chapter II Administration of the General Taxation Treatment for Enterprises&#39; Restructuring&nbsp;</p><p>  第十条企业发生《通知》第四条第(一)项规定的由法人转变为个人独资企业、合伙企业等非法人组织,或将登记注册地转移至中华人民共和国境外(包括港澳台地区),应按照《财政部国家税务总局关于企业清算业务企业所得税处理若干问题的通知》(财税[2009]60号)规定进行清算。</p><p>  企业在报送《企业清算所得纳税申报表》时,应附送以下资料:</p><p>  (一)企业改变法律形式的工商部门或其他政府部门的批准文件;</p><p>  (二)企业全部资产的计税基础以及评估机构出具的资产评估报告;</p><p>  (三)企业债权、债务处理或归属情况说明;</p><p>  (四)主管税务机关要求提供的其他资料证明。</p><p>&nbsp;Article 10 Where an enterprise is transformed into sole proprietorship, partnership enterprise or other non-corporate organization from a legal person as provided in Item 1, Article 4 of the Circular, or transfers its registered place into other places outside the People&#39;s Republic of China (including Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan Region), such enterprise shall be liquidated in accordance with the provisions of the Circular of the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation on Issues Concerning Handling of Enterprise Income Tax against Enterprise&#39;s Liquidation Business (Cai Shui [2009] No. 60).</p><p>When submitting the Tax Return of Enterprise Liquidation Income, enterprise shall submit together with the following materials:</p><p>1. the approval documents of commercial and industrial departments or other governmental departments for enterprises&#39; change of legal form;</p><p>2. the tax calculation basis of all assets of enterprise and the assets evaluation report issued by evaluation institutions;</p><p>3. the statement of the handling or attribution of the creditor&#39;s rights and debts of the enterprise; and</p><p>4. other materials served as certification as required by the taxation authorities.&nbsp;</p><p>  </p><p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;第十一条企业发生《通知》第四条第(二)项规定的债务重组,应准备以下相关资料,以备税务机关检查。</p><p>  (一)以非货币资产清偿债务的,应保留当事各方签订的清偿债务的协议或合同,以及非货币资产公允价格确认的合法证据等;</p><p>  (二)债权转股权的,应保留当事各方签订的债权转股权协议或合同。</p><p>&nbsp;Article 11 In case of any debt restructuring as provided in Item 2, Article 4 of the Circular, an enterprise shall prepare the following relevant materials for inspection by taxation authorities:</p><p>1. where the debts are discharged by non-monetary assets, the agreement or contract with respect to the debts discharging entered into by the parties concerned and the legal evidence for confirmation of the fair market value of non-monetary assets shall be kept;</p><p>2. in case of debt-into-equity, the agreement or contract for debts converting into equity entered into by the parties concerned shall be kept.&nbsp;</p><p>  </p><p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;第十二条企业发生《通知》第四条第(三)项规定的股权收购、资产收购重组业务,应准备以下相关资料,以备税务机关检查。</p><p>  (一)当事各方所签订的股权收购、资产收购业务合同或协议;</p><p>  (二)相关股权、资产公允价值的合法证据。</p><p>&nbsp;Article 12 In case of any equity acquisition or assets purchase restructuring business as provided in Item 3, Article 4 of the Circular, an enterprise shall prepare the following relevant materials for inspection by taxation authorities:</p><p>1. the equity acquisition or assets purchase business contract or agreement entered into by two or more parities;</p><p>2. legal evidence for proofing the fair market value of relevant equity or assets.</p><p><br/></p><p>  第十三条企业发生《通知》第四条第(四)项规定的合并,应按照财税[2009]60号文件规定进行清算。</p><p>  被合并企业在报送《企业清算所得纳税申报表》时,应附送以下资料:</p><p>  (一)企业合并的工商部门或其他政府部门的批准文件;</p><p>  (二)企业全部资产和负债的计税基础以及评估机构出具的资产评估报告;</p><p>  (三)企业债务处理或归属情况说明;</p><p>  (四)主管税务机关要求提供的其他资料证明。</p><p>&nbsp;Article 13 In case of any merger or consolidation as provided in Item 4, Article 4 of the Circular, an enterprise shall conduct liquidation in accordance with the Cai Shui [2009] No.60 Document.</p><p>When submitting the Tax Return of Enterprise Liquidation Income, the merged or consolidated enterprise shall submit together with the following materials:</p><p>1. the approval documents of commercial and industrial departments or other governmental departments for enterprises&#39; merger or consolidation;</p><p>2. the tax calculation basis of all assets and liabilities of enterprise and the assets evaluation report issued by evaluation institutions;</p><p>3. the statement of the handling or attribution of the debts of the enterprise; and</p><p>4. other materials served as certification as required by the taxation authorities.</p><p><br/></p><p>  第十四条企业发生《通知》第四条第(五)项规定的分立,被分立企业不再继续存在,应按照财税[2009]60号文件规定进行清算。</p><p>  被分立企业在报送《企业清算所得纳税申报表》时,应附送以下资料:</p><p>  (一)企业分立的工商部门或其他政府部门的批准文件;</p><p>  (二)被分立企业全部资产的计税基础以及评估机构出具的资产评估报告;</p><p>  (三)企业债务处理或归属情况说明;</p><p>  (四)主管税务机关要求提供的其他资料证明。</p><p>&nbsp;Article 14 In case of any split-off as provided in Item 5, Article 4 of the Circular and the divided enterprise no longer exists, the enterprise shall conduct liquidation in accordance with the Cai Shui [2009] No.60 Document.</p><p>When submitting the Tax Return of Enterprise Liquidation Income, the divided enterprise shall submit together with the following materials:</p><p>1. the approval documents of commercial and industrial departments or other governmental departments for enterprises&#39; split-off;</p><p>2. the tax calculation basis of all assets of divided enterprise and the assets evaluation report issued by evaluation institutions;</p><p>3. the statement of the handling or attribution of the debts of the enterprise; and</p><p>4. other materials served as certification as required by the taxation authorities.</p><p><br/></p><p>  第十五条企业合并或分立,合并各方企业或分立企业涉及享受《税法》第五十七条规定中就企业整体(即全部生产经营所得)享受的税收优惠过渡政策尚未期满的,仅就存续企业未享受完的税收优惠,按照《通知》第九条的规定执行;注销的被合并或被分立企业未享受完的税收优惠,不再由存续企业承继;合并或分立而新设的企业不得再承继或重新享受上述优惠。合并或分立各方企业按照《税法》的税收优惠规定和税收优惠过渡政策中就企业有关生产经营项目的所得享受的税收优惠承继问题,按照《实施条例》第八十九条规定执行。</p><p>   Article 15 In case of enterprise&#39;s merger or consolidation or split-off, the consolidating enterprises or the divided enterprise are/is eligible for enjoyment of the transitional taxation collection preferential policies that may be enjoyed by the enterprises as a whole (i.e. all production and operation income) in accordance with Article 57 of the Tax Law and the period thereof has not expired, only the taxation preference that has not been enjoyed by the surviving enterprises may be implemented in accordance with the provisions of Article 9 of the Circular; and the surviving enterprise is not entitled to inherit the taxation preference that has not been enjoyed by the merged or consolidated or divided enterprise(s); enterprises newly-established through merger or consolidation or split-off may no longer inherit or re-enjoy such preference. The inheritance treatment problems with respect to taxation preference in connection with the income from production and operation projects enjoyed by the merging or consolidating or divided enterprise(s) in accordance with the taxation preferential provisions of the Tax Law and the transitional taxation preference policies, shall be implemented in accordance with the Article 89 of the Rules.</p><p><br/></p><p>  第三章企业重组特殊性税务处理管理    &nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp; &nbsp; Chapter III Administration of the Special Taxation Treatment for Enterprises&#39; Restructuring&nbsp;</p><p>  第十六条企业重组业务,符合《通知》规定条件并选择特殊性税务处理的,应按照《通知》第十一条规定进行备案;如企业重组各方需要税务机关确认,可以选择由重组主导方向主管税务机关提出申请,层报省税务机关给予确认。</p><p>  采取申请确认的,主导方和其他当事方不在同一省(自治区、市)的,主导方省税务机关应将确认文件抄送其他当事方所在地省税务机关。</p><p>  省税务机关在收到确认申请时,原则上应在当年度企业所得税汇算清缴前完成确认。特殊情况,需要延长的,应将延长理由告知主导方。</p><p>&nbsp;Article 16 Enterprises&#39; restructuring business that meets the conditions as provided in the Circular and for which the enterprises choose special taxation treatment, shall be filed for record in accordance with the provisions of Article 11 of the Circular; where the parties to the enterprises&#39; restructuring are required to be confirmed by the taxation authorities, the competent taxation authority of the leading party to the restructuring may be selected for filing the application for confirmation and such application shall be reported to the taxation authorities at the provincial level for confirmation.</p><p>In case that the application for confirmation is adopted and the leading party and other parties thereto are not in the same province (autonomous region or municipality), the taxation authorities of the province where the leading party locates shall copy and forward the confirmation document to the taxation authorities of the provinces where the other parties locate.</p><p>The said provincial taxation authority shall, upon receipt of the application for confirmation, principally complete the confirmation before the settlement and payment of the enterprise income tax of that year after exchanging. In case of any special circumstance that requires for an extension of time, the reasons for such extension shall be notified to the leading party.</p><p><br/></p><p>  第十七条企业重组主导方,按以下原则确定:</p><p>  (一)债务重组为债务人;</p><p>  (二)股权收购为股权转让方;</p><p>  (三)资产收购为资产转让方;</p><p>  (四)吸收合并为合并后拟存续的企业,新设合并为合并前资产较大的企业;</p><p>  (五)分立为被分立的企业或存续企业。</p><p>&nbsp;Article 17 The leading party to an enterprise&#39;s restructuring shall be determined by the following principles:</p><p>1. in case of debt restructuring, the debtor shall be the leading party;</p><p>2. in case of equity acquisition, the equity transferring party shall be the leading party;</p><p>3. in case of assets purchase, the assets transferring party shall be the leading party;</p><p>4. in case of a merger, the proposed surviving enterprise upon merger shall be the leading party, in case of a consolidation, the enterprise with relatively more assets before consolidation shall be the leading party; or</p><p>5. in case of a split-off, the divided enterprise or the surviving enterprise shall be the leading party.</p><p><br/></p><p>  第十八条企业发生重组业务,按照《通知》第五条第(一)项要求,企业在备案或提交确认申请时,应从以下方面说明企业重组具有合理的商业目的:</p><p>  (一)重组活动的交易方式。即重组活动采取的具体形式、交易背景、交易时间、在交易之前和之后的运作方式和有关的商业常规;</p><p>  (二)该项交易的形式及实质。即形式上交易所产生的法律权利和责任,也是该项交易的法律后果。另外,交易实际上或商业上产生的最终结果;</p><p>  (三)重组活动给交易各方税务状况带来的可能变化;</p><p>  (四)重组各方从交易中获得的财务状况变化;</p><p>  (五)重组活动是否给交易各方带来了在市场原则下不会产生的异常经济利益或潜在义务;</p><p>  (六)非居民企业参与重组活动的情况。</p><p>&nbsp;Article 18 Where the enterprises are filing for record or submitting application for confirmation in accordance with the requirements provided in Paragraph 1, Article 5 of the Circular in case of any restructuring business, they shall explain that the proposed restructuring has reasonable commercial purposes through the following aspects:</p><p>1. the trade method of the restructuring activities, i.e. the specific forms, trade background, transaction schedule, the ways of operation before and after the transaction and relevant commercial practice adopted by the restructuring activities;</p><p>2. the form and substance of such transaction, i.e. the legitimate rights and responsibilities incurred by transaction in form is also the legal consequence of such transaction. Besides, the actual or commercial final consequences incurred by the transaction;</p><p>3. possible change to the taxation situations of parties to the restructuring by the restructuring activities;</p><p>4. change to the situations of financial benefits obtained by the parties to the restructuring from the transaction;</p><p>5. whether the restructuring activities will bring to the parties to the restructuring any abnormal economic benefits or potential obligations that would have not been occurred if under the market&#39;s principles; and</p><p>6. information on the non-resident enterprises&#39; participation in restructuring activities.</p><p><br/></p><p>  第十九条《通知》第五条第(三)和第(五)项所称“企业重组后的连续12个月内”,是指自重组日起计算的连续12个月内。</p><p>&nbsp;Article 19 For the purpose of Paragraph 3 and Paragraph 5 of Article 5 of the Circular, &quot;consecutive twelve months after enterprise&#39;s restructuring&quot; refers to the period of the consecutive twelve months from the date of restructuring.</p><p><br/></p><p>  第二十条《通知》第五条第(五)项规定的原主要股东,是指原持有转让企业或被收购企业20%以上股权的股东。</p><p>&nbsp;Article 20 For the purpose of Paragraph 5 of Article 5 of the Circular, &quot;original main shareholders&quot; refers to the shareholders holding an equity of more than 20% of the transferred enterprise or acquired enterprise they originally held shares of.</p><p><br/></p><p> &nbsp; 第二十一条《通知》第六条第(四)项规定的同一控制,是指参与合并的企业在合并前后均受同一方或相同的多方最终控制,且该控制并非暂时性的。能够对参与合并的企业在合并前后均实施最终控制权的相同多方,是指根据合同或协议的约定,对参与合并企业的财务和经营政策拥有决定控制权的投资者群体。在企业合并前,参与合并各方受最终控制方的控制在12个月以上,企业合并后所形成的主体在最终控制方的控制时间也应达到连续12个月。</p><p>&nbsp;Article 21 For the purpose of Paragraph 4, Article 6 of the Circular, &quot;under the same control&quot; refers to the enterprises participating the merger or consolidation are under the final control of the same party or parities before and after the said merger or consolidation, and such control shall not be temporarily. The same parties that are able to implement final control over the enterprises participating merger or consolidation before and after the said merger or consolidation refer to the group of investors that have final control over the finance and operation policies of the enterprises participating the merger or consolidation in accordance with the provisions of any contract or agreement. Where prior to the enterprise&#39;s merger or consolidation, parties participating the said merger or consolidation have been under the control of the final controlling party from a period of more than twelve months, the period when the subject formed upon enterprise&#39;s merger or consolidation is under the control of the said final controlling party shall be of no less than twelve months.</p><p><br/></p><p>  第二十二条企业发生《通知》第六条第(一)项规定的债务重组,根据不同情形,应准备以下资料:</p><p>  (一)发生债务重组所产生的应纳税所得额占该企业当年应纳税所得额50%以上的,债务重组所得要求在5个纳税年度的期间内,均匀计入各年度应纳税所得额的,应准备以下资料:</p><p>  1.当事方的债务重组的总体情况说明(如果采取申请确认的,应为企业的申请,下同),情况说明中应包括债务重组的商业目的;</p><p>  2.当事各方所签订的债务重组合同或协议;</p><p>  3.债务重组所产生的应纳税所得额、企业当年应纳税所得额情况说明;</p><p>  4.税务机关要求提供的其他资料证明。</p><p>  (二)发生债权转股权业务,债务人对债务清偿业务暂不确认所得或损失,债权人对股权投资的计税基础以原债权的计税基础确定,应准备以下资料:</p><p>  1.当事方的债务重组的总体情况说明。情况说明中应包括债务重组的商业目的;</p><p>  2.双方所签订的债转股合同或协议;</p><p>  3.企业所转换的股权公允价格证明;</p><p>  4.工商部门及有关部门核准相关企业股权变更事项证明材料;</p><p>  5.税务机关要求提供的其他资料证明。</p><p>&nbsp;Article 22 In case of any debt restructuring as provided in Paragraph 1, Article 6 of the Circular, an enterprise shall prepare the following materials based on different circumstances:</p><p>1. where the taxable income amount incurred by the debt restructuring accounts more than 50% of the taxation income amount of that year, and the income from the debt restructuring is required to be averagely calculated into the taxable income of each year during the period of five tax payment years, the following materials shall be prepared:</p><p>(1) the statement of the overall situation of the parties to the debt restructuring (in case of adopting application for confirmation, such application shall be made by enterprises, same as below), in which shall include the commercial purposes for debt restructuring;</p><p>(2) the debt restructuring contract or agreement entered into by the parties thereto;</p><p>(3) the statement of the situations about the taxable income amount incurred by the debt restructuring and the taxable income amount of the enterprise of that year; and</p><p>(4) other materials served as certification as required by the taxation authorities.</p><p>2. in case of debt-into-equity business, where the debtor temporarily refuses to confirm the income or loss in the debt discharging business and the creditor determines the calculation basis of the equity investment by that of the original creditor&#39;s right, then the following materials shall be prepared:</p><p>(1) the statement of overall situation of the debt restructuring of the parties thereto, in which shall include the commercial purposes of the debt restructuring;</p><p>(2) the contract or agreement for debts conversion into equity entered into by both parties;</p><p>(3) certificate of the fair market value of the equity converted by the enterprise;</p><p>(4) materials evidencing the approval of commercial and industrial departments and relevant departments on change related to enterprise&#39;s equity; and</p><p>(5) other materials served as certification as required by the taxation authorities.</p><p><br/></p><p>  第二十三条企业发生《通知》第六条第(二)项规定的股权收购业务,应准备以下资料:</p><p>  (一)当事方的股权收购业务总体情况说明,情况说明中应包括股权收购的商业目的;</p><p>  (二)双方或多方所签订的股权收购业务合同或协议;</p><p>  (三)由评估机构出具的所转让及支付的股权公允价值;</p><p>  (四)证明重组符合特殊性税务处理条件的资料,包括股权比例,支付对价情况,以及12个月内不改变资产原来的实质性经营活动和原主要股东不转让所取得股权的承诺书等;</p><p>  (五)工商等相关部门核准相关企业股权变更事项证明材料;</p><p>  (六)税务机关要求的其他材料。</p><p>&nbsp;Article 23 In case of any equity acquisition business as provided in Paragraph 2, Article 6 of the Circular, an enterprise shall prepare the following materials:</p><p>1. the statement of overall situation of the equity acquisition business of the parties thereto, in which shall include the commercial purposes of the equity acquisition;</p><p>2. the equity acquisition business contract or agreement entered into by two or more parities;</p><p>3. the certificate for fair market value of the transferred or paid equity issued by the evaluation institutions;</p><p>4. materials evidencing that the restructuring concerned meets the conditions for special taxation treatment, including equity ratio, situation concerning payment of consideration and the letter of commitment regarding no change of the original substantial operation activities and no transfer of equity that have obtained within 12 months;</p><p>5. materials evidencing the approval of commercial and industrial departments and relevant departments on change related to enterprise&#39;s equity; and</p><p>6. other materials as required by the taxation authorities.</p><p><br/></p><p>  第二十四条企业发生《通知》第六条第(三)项规定的资产收购业务,应准备以下资料:</p><p>  (一)当事方的资产收购业务总体情况说明,情况说明中应包括资产收购的商业目的;</p><p>  (二)当事各方所签订的资产收购业务合同或协议;</p><p>  (三)评估机构出具的资产收购所体现的资产评估报告;</p><p>  (四)受让企业股权的计税基础的有效凭证;</p><p>  (五)证明重组符合特殊性税务处理条件的资料,包括资产收购比例,支付对价情况,以及12个月内不改变资产原来的实质性经营活动、原主要股东不转让所取得股权的承诺书等;</p><p>  (六)工商部门核准相关企业股权变更事项证明材料;</p><p>  (七)税务机关要求提供的其他材料证明。</p><p>&nbsp;Article 24 In case of any assets purchase business as provided in Paragraph 3, Article 6 of the Circular, an enterprise shall prepare the following materials:</p><p>1. the statement of overall situation of the assets purchase business of the parties thereto, in which shall include the commercial purposes of the assets purchase;</p><p>2. the assets purchase business contract or agreement entered into by two or more parities;</p><p>3. the assets evaluation report issued by the evaluation institutions which reflects the assets purchase;</p><p>4. valid certificate of the tax calculation basis of the equity of the transferred enterprises;</p><p>5. materials evidencing that the restructuring concerned meets the conditions for special taxation treatment, including assets purchase ratio, situation concerning payment of consideration and the letter of commitment regarding no change of the original substantial operation activities and no transfer of equity that have obtained by original main shareholders within 12 months;</p><p>6. materials evidencing the approval of commercial and industrial departments on change related to enterprise&#39;s equity; and</p><p>7. other materials served as certification as required by the taxation authorities.</p><p><br/></p><p>  第二十五条企业发生《通知》第六条第(四)项规定的合并,应准备以下资料:</p><p>  (一)当事方企业合并的总体情况说明。情况说明中应包括企业合并的商业目的;</p><p>  (二)企业合并的政府主管部门的批准文件;</p><p>  (三)企业合并各方当事人的股权关系说明;</p><p>  (四)被合并企业的净资产、各单项资产和负债及其账面价值和计税基础等相关资料;</p><p>  (五)证明重组符合特殊性税务处理条件的资料,包括合并前企业各股东取得股权支付比例情况、以及12个月内不改变资产原来的实质性经营活动、原主要股东不转让所取得股权的承诺书等;</p><p>  (六)工商部门核准相关企业股权变更事项证明材料;</p><p>  (七)主管税务机关要求提供的其他资料证明。</p><p>&nbsp;Article 25 In case of any merger or consolidation as provided in Paragraph 4, Article 6 of the Circular, an enterprise shall prepare the following materials:</p><p>1. the statement of overall situation of the enterprise&#39;s merger or consolidation of the parties thereto, in which shall include the commercial purposes of the enterprise&#39;s merger or consolidation;</p><p>2. approval documents of competent governmental departments for the enterprise&#39;s merger or consolidation;</p><p>3. the statement of the equity relationship among parties to the enterprise&#39;s merger or consolidation;</p><p>4. such relevant materials as the net assets, assets and liabilities of each Paragraph and its book value and tax calculation basis of the merged or consolidated enterprise;</p><p>5. materials evidencing that the restructuring concerned meets the conditions for special taxation treatment, including situation of the ratio of equity payment obtained by all shareholders of the enterprise before merger or consolidation and the letter of commitment regarding no change of the original substantial operation activities and no transfer of equity that have obtained within 12 months;</p><p>6. materials evidencing the approval of commercial on change related to enterprise&#39;s equity; and</p><p>7. other materials served as certification as required by the taxation authorities.</p><p><br/></p><p>  第二十六条《通知》第六条第(四)项所规定的可由合并企业弥补的被合并企业亏损的限额,是指按《税法》规定的剩余结转年限内,每年可由合并企业弥补的被合并企业亏损的限额。</p><p>&nbsp;Article 26 The limit of the losses of the merged or consolidated enterprises that may be made up by the merging or consolidating enterprise as provided in Paragraph 4, Article 6 of the Circular, refers to the limit of losses of the merged or consolidated enterprises that may be made up by the merging or consolidating enterprise each year within the remaining years for settlement and transfer as provided for by the Tax Law.</p><p><br/></p><p>  第二十七条企业发生《通知》第六条第(五)项规定的分立,应准备以下资料:</p><p>  (一)当事方企业分立的总体情况说明。情况说明中应包括企业分立的商业目的;</p><p>  (二)企业分立的政府主管部门的批准文件;</p><p>  (三)被分立企业的净资产、各单项资产和负债账面价值和计税基础等相关资料;</p><p>  (四)证明重组符合特殊性税务处理条件的资料,包括分立后企业各股东取得股权支付比例情况、以及12个月内不改变资产原来的实质性经营活动、原主要股东不转让所取得股权的承诺书等;</p><p>  (五)工商部门认定的分立和被分立企业股东股权比例证明材料;分立后,分立和被分立企业工商营业执照复印件;分立和被分立企业分立业务账务处理复印件;</p><p>  (六)税务机关要求提供的其他资料证明。</p><p>&nbsp;Article 27 In case of any spilt as provided in Paragraph 5, Article 6 of the Circular, the enterprise shall prepare the following materials:</p><p>1. the statement of overall situation of the enterprise&#39;s spilt-off of the parties thereto, in which shall include the commercial purposes of the enterprise&#39;s split-off;</p><p>2. approval documents of competent governmental departments for the enterprise&#39;s split-off</p><p>3. such relevant materials as the net assets, assets and liabilities of each Paragraph and its book value and tax calculation basis of the divided enterprise;</p><p>4. materials evidencing that the restructuring concerned meets the conditions for special taxation treatment, including situation of the ratio of equity payment obtained by all shareholders of the enterprise after split-off and the letter of commitment regarding no change of the original substantial operation activities and no transfer of equity that have obtained within 12 months;</p><p>5. materials evidencing the determination of the commercial and industrial department on the ratio of the equity held by shareholders of the surviving and divided enterprises; upon split-off, the copies of the commercial and industrial operation license of the surviving and divided enterprises; copies of the financial treatment of the split-off business of the surviving and divided enterprises; and</p><p>6. other materials served as certification as required by the taxation authorities.</p><p><br/></p><p>  第二十八条根据《通知》第六条第(四)项第2目规定,被合并企业合并前的相关所得税事项由合并企业承继,以及根据《通知》第六条第(五)项第2目规定,企业分立,已分立资产相应的所得税事项由分立企业承继,这些事项包括尚未确认的资产损失、分期确认收入的处理以及尚未享受期满的税收优惠政策承继处理问题等。其中,对税收优惠政策承继处理问题,凡属于依照《税法》第五十七条规定中就企业整体(即全部生产经营所得)享受税收优惠过渡政策的,合并或分立后的企业性质及适用税收优惠条件未发生改变的,可以继续享受合并前各企业或分立前被分立企业剩余期限的税收优惠。合并前各企业剩余的税收优惠年限不一致的,合并后企业每年度的应纳税所得额,应统一按合并日各合并前企业资产占合并后企业总资产的比例进行划分,再分别按相应的剩余优惠计算应纳税额。合并前各企业或分立前被分立企业按照《税法》的税收优惠规定以及税收优惠过渡政策中就有关生产经营项目所得享受的税收优惠承继处理问题,按照《实施条例》第八十九条规定执行。</p><p>&nbsp;Article 28 According to the provisions of Item 2, Paragraph 4, Article 6 of the Circular and Item 2, Paragraph 5, Article 6 of the Circular, the matters concerning income tax of the merged or consolidated enterprise before merger or consolidation shall be inherited by the merging or consolidating enterprises and the matters concerning income tax corresponding to the split-off assets upon enterprise&#39;s split-off shall be inherited by the surviving enterprise, such matters include undetermined assets losses, treatment of revenue confirmed by stage and inheritance treatment problems with respect to the taxation collection preferential policies that have not been enjoyed. Inter alia, where any inheritance treatment problems with respect to the taxation collection preferential policies falls into the scope of the transitional taxation collection preferential policies that may be enjoyed by the enterprises as a whole (i.e. all production and operation income) in accordance with Article 57 of the Tax Law and the nature of the consolidated or divided enterprise and conditions for application of the taxation preference, such enterprise may continuously enjoy the taxation preference that may be enjoyed by the enterprises prior to the merger or consolidation or the divided enterprise prior to split-off for the remaining period. Where the remaining period for enjoyment of taxation preference by the enterprises prior to merger or consolidation are inconsistent, the taxable income amount each year of the enterprises upon merger or consolidation shall be uniformly divided in accordance with the ratio of the enterprise&#39;s assets prior to merger or consolidation accounting for the enterprise&#39;s total assets upon merger or consolidation at the date of merger or consolidation, and the payable tax amount shall be respectively calculated in accordance with the corresponding remaining preference. The inheritance treatment problems with respect to taxation preference in connection with the income from production and operation projects enjoyed by the enterprises prior to merger or consolidation or the divided enterprise prior to the split-off in accordance with the taxation preferential provisions of the Tax Law and the transitional taxation preference policies, shall be implemented in accordance with the Article 89 of the Rules.</p><p><br/></p><p>  第二十九条适用《通知》第五条第(三)项和第(五)项的当事各方应在完成重组业务后的下一年度的企业所得税年度申报时,向主管税务机关提交书面情况说明,以证明企业在重组后的连续12个月内,有关符合特殊性税务处理的条件未发生改变。</p><p>&nbsp;Article 29 All parties concerned that are eligible for the application of Item 3 and Item 5 of Article 5 of the Circular shall, when filing the annual tax return for the enterprise income tax of the year immediately following the completion of the restructuring business, submit written situation statement to the competent taxation authorities to evidence that enterprise&#39;s conditions meeting those required for special taxation treatment has been subject to no change during the twelve consecutive months upon completion of restructuring.</p><p><br/></p><p>  第三十条当事方的其中一方在规定时间内发生生产经营业务、公司性质、资产或股权结构等情况变化,致使重组业务不再符合特殊性税务处理条件的,发生变化的当事方应在情况发生变化的30天内书面通知其他所有当事方。主导方在接到通知后30日内将有关变化通知其主管税务机关。</p><p>  上款所述情况发生变化后60日内,应按照《通知》第四条的规定调整重组业务的税务处理。原交易各方应各自按原交易完成时资产和负债的公允价值计算重组业务的收益或损失,调整交易完成纳税年度的应纳税所得额及相应的资产和负债的计税基础,并向各自主管税务机关申请调整交易完成纳税年度的企业所得税年度申报表。逾期不调整申报的,按照《征管法》的相关规定处理。</p><p>&nbsp;Article 30 Where a party concerned undergoes any change to its production and operation business, company nature, assets or equity structure during the prescribed time limit which leads to that the restructuring business is no longer eligible for special taxation treatment, such party shall notify all the other parties about such change in writing within 30 days thereafter. The leading party is required to notify its competent taxation authorities within 30 days upon receipt of the said notice.</p><p>The taxation treatment for the restructuring business shall be adjusted in accordance with Article 4 of the Circular within 60 days upon such change. The parties to the original transaction shall calculate their respective benefits or losses in the restructuring business based on the fair market value of their assets and liabilities upon completion of the original transaction, adjust the taxable income amount of the tax year when the transaction is completed and the corresponding tax calculation basis of assets and liabilities, and file the application form with respective competent taxation authorities to apply for adjusting the enterprise income tax of the tax year when the transaction is completed. In case of failure to file such application within the prescribed time limit, the relevant provisions of the Collection Administration Law shall be applied for handling.</p><p><br/></p><p>  第三十一条各当事方的主管税务机关应当对企业申报或确认适用特殊性税务处理的重组业务进行跟踪监管,了解重组企业的动态变化情况。发现问题,应及时与其他当事方主管税务机关沟通联系,并按照规定给予调整。</p><p>&nbsp;Article 31 The competent taxation authorities of all parties concerned shall follow up and supervise and control the restructuring business that is eligible for special taxation treatment which is filed by enterprise or has been confirmed, and get access to the dynamic change situation of the restructuring enterprise. Any problem found shall be timely communicated with the competent taxation authorities of other parities and shall be adjusted in accordance with relevant regulations.</p><p><br/></p><p>  第三十二条根据《通知》第十条规定,若同一项重组业务涉及在连续12个月内分步交易,且跨两个纳税年度,当事各方在第一步交易完成时预计整个交易可以符合特殊性税务处理条件,可以协商一致选择特殊性税务处理的,可在第一步交易完成后,适用特殊性税务处理。主管税务机关在审核有关资料后,符合条件的,可以暂认可适用特殊性税务处理。第二年进行下一步交易后,应按本办法要求,准备相关资料确认适用特殊性税务处理。</p><p>&nbsp;Article 32 According to Article 10 of the Circular, where a restructuring business involves several respective transactions in consecutive twelve months which lasts for two tax years and the parties thereto expects the whole transaction will meet the conditions for special taxation treatment upon the completion of first transaction and then choose for special taxation treatment upon consensus after negotiation, then the special taxation treatment may apply upon completion of the first transaction. Where the competent taxation authorities determine as meeting the conditions after examining relevant materials, they may temporarily recognize as applicable for special taxation treatment. And after the next transaction in the second year, such parties shall prepare relevant materials for confirmation of the special taxation treatment in accordance with the requirements of these Measures.</p><p><br/></p><p>  第三十三条上述跨年度分步交易,若当事方在首个纳税年度不能预计整个交易是否符合特殊性税务处理条件,应适用一般性税务处理。在下一纳税年度全部交易完成后,适用特殊性税务处理的,可以调整上一纳税年度的企业所得税年度申报表,涉及多缴税款的,各主管税务机关应退税,或抵缴当年应纳税款。</p><p>&nbsp;Article 33 In the course of the first and second transaction mentioned above, where the parties thereto cannot expect whether the whole transaction is able to meet the conditions for special taxation treatment in the first tax year, the general taxation treatment shall apply. Upon the completion of all transactions in the next tax year, if it is found that the special taxation treatment may apply, then the annual tax return of enterprise income tax of last tax year may be adjusted, in case of any over-payment of tax, the respective taxation authorities shall rebate the same or offset or deduct from the payable tax of the current year.</p><p><br/></p><p>  第三十四条企业重组的当事各方应该取得并保管与该重组有关的凭证、资料,保管期限按照《征管法》的有关规定执行。</p><p>&nbsp;Article 34 The parties to enterprise restructuring shall obtain and take custody of vouchers and materials in connection with such restructuring and the period for such custody shall be implemented in accordance with relevant regulations of the Collection Administration Law.</p><p><br/></p><p>  第四章跨境重组税收管理&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp; &nbsp; Chapter IV Cross-border Restructuring Taxation Administration&nbsp;</p><p>  第三十五条发生《通知》第七条规定的重组,凡适用特殊性税务处理规定的,应按照本办法第三章相关规定执行。</p><p>&nbsp;Article 35 Any restructuring as provided in Article 7 of the Circular that is applicable for special taxation treatment, shall be implemented in accordance with relevant provisions set out in Chapter III of these Measures.</p><p><br/></p><p>  第三十六条发生《通知》第七条第(一)、(二)项规定的重组,适用特殊税务处理的,应按照《国家税务总局关于印发〈非居民企业所得税源泉扣缴管理暂行办法〉的通知》(国税发[2009]3号)和《国家税务总局关于加强非居民企业股权转让所得企业所得税管理的通知》(国税函[2009]698号)要求,准备资料。</p><p>&nbsp;Article 36 Any restructuring falls into the types of restructurings as provided in Paragraph 1 or Paragraph 2 of Article 7 of the Circular that is applicable for special taxation treatment, shall prepare materials in accordance with the requirements of the Circular of the State Administration of Taxation on Printing and Distributing the Tentative Measures for Administration of the Withholding of Non-resident Enterprise Income Tax from Origins (Guo Shui Fa [2009] No.3) and the Circular of the State Administration of Taxation on Strengthening Administration on Enterprise Income Tax Levied on Income from Equity Transfer by Non-resident Enterprises (Guo Shui Han [2009] No. 698).</p><p><br/></p><p>  第三十七条发生《通知》第七条第(三)项规定的重组,居民企业应向其所在地主管税务机关报送以下资料:</p><p>  1.当事方的重组情况说明,申请文件中应说明股权转让的商业目的;</p><p>  2.双方所签订的股权转让协议;</p><p>  3.双方控股情况说明;</p><p>  4.由评估机构出具的资产或股权评估报告。报告中应分别列示涉及的各单项被转让资产和负债的公允价值;</p><p>  5.证明重组符合特殊性税务处理条件的资料,包括股权或资产转让比例,支付对价情况,以及12个月内不改变资产原来的实质性经营活动、不转让所取得股权的承诺书等;</p><p>  6.税务机关要求的其他材料。 Article 37 For any restructuring as provided in Paragraph 3 of Article 7 of the Circular, the resident enterprise shall submit the following materials to the competent taxation authority at its locality:</p><p>1. statement of the restructuring situations of the parties thereto, and the application documents shall specify the commercial purpose for such equity transfer;</p><p>2. the equity transfer agreement entered into by both parties;</p><p>3. statement of the share-holding situations of both parties;</p><p>4. assets or equity evaluation report(s) issued by evaluation institutions, in which shall respectively specify the fair market value of each transferred assets and liabilities involved and listed therein;</p><p>5. materials evidencing that the restructuring concerned meets the conditions for special taxation treatment, including equity or assets transfer ratio, situation concerning payment of consideration and the letter of commitment regarding no change of the original substantial operation activities and no transfer of equity that have obtained within 12 months; and</p><p>6. other materials as required by the taxation authorities.</p>

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公司关联交易的合规要点—基于公司法与税法

关联交易,在公司法、企业会计准则及税法中均有相关规定,横跨“法财税”三大学科。公司法立足于公司财产、股东以及债权人利益的保护,企业会计准则是基于实质重于形式的要求,税法则是为防止通过关联交易逃避纳税义务,本文重点从公司法以及税法的角度展开。

  一、关联交易的定性

  1、关联关系的定义

  公司法、企业会计准则、税法对于关联关系均有规定,但重点有所不同。

  《公司法》第265条

  关联关系,是指公司控股股东、实际控制人、董事、监事、高级管理人员与其直接或者间接控制的企业之间的关系,以及可能导致公司利益转移的其他关系。

  《税收征收管理法实施细则》第51条

  税收征管法第三十六条所称关联企业,是指有下列关系之一的公司、企业和其他经济组织:

  (一)在资金、经营、购销等方面,存在直接或者间接的拥有或者控制关系;

  (二)直接或者间接地同为第三者所拥有或者控制;

  (三)在利益上具有相关联的其他关系。

  《企业会计准则第36号——关联方披露》第3条

  一方控制、共同控制另一方或对另一方施加重大影响,以及两方或两方以上受同一方控制、共同控制或重大影响的,构成关联方。

  公司法的规定重在“人”的关联,即公司的控股股东、实控人、董监高与直接或间接控制的公司之间的关联关系;企业会计准则的规定重在“内部成员”之间的关联,纵向的母子公司之间、横向的兄弟公司之间所形成的关联关系;税法对关联企业的定义最为宽泛,且存在兜底性规定。

  2、关联交易的形式

  关联交易,即关联企业之间、关联人员与企业之间进行的交易活动。

  《企业会计准则第36号——关联方披露》第8条

ec3286a293f19ebdeb63e433a893a9b7_89e54bdea68c96b417a546e8bf12a235.png

二、关联交易的实施程序

  1、公司法层面

  《公司法》第182条

  董事、监事、高级管理人员,直接或者间接与本公司订立合同或者进行交易,应当就与订立合同或者进行交易有关的事项向董事会或者股东会报告,并按照公司章程的规定经董事会或者股东会决议通过。

  董事、监事、高级管理人员的近亲属,董事、监事、高级管理人员或者其近亲属直接或者间接控制的企业,以及与董事、监事、高级管理人员有其他关联关系的关联人,与公司订立合同或者进行交易,适用前款规定。

  根据以上规定,公司法不禁止关联交易,但禁止通过关联交易损害公司利益,以及实施关联交易前必须报告并通过股东会/董事会决议。

  2、税务管理规定

  税法上不否认关联交易的合法性,也不要求对关联交易进行备案审查,重点关注关联交易的定价是否公允以及是否符合独立交易原则。

  《税收征收管理法实施细则》第51条

  ......纳税人有义务就其与关联企业之间的业务往来,向当地税务机关提供有关的价格、费用标准等资料。具体办法由国家税务总局制定。

  《税收征收管理法实施细则》第53条

  纳税人可以向主管税务机关提出与其关联企业之间业务往来的定价原则和计算方法,主管税务机关审核、批准后,与纳税人预先约定有关定价事项,监督纳税人执行。

  《企业所得税法》42条

  企业可以向税务机关提出与其关联方之间业务往来的定价原则和计算方法,税务机关与企业协商、确认后,达成预约定价安排。

  《企业所得税法》43条

  企业向税务机关报送年度企业所得税纳税申报表时,应当就其与关联方之间的业务往来,附送年度关联业务往来报告表。

  基于以上规定,企业实施的关联交易,有主动报告的法定义务,也可以在交易前就与税务机关协商一致,达成“预约定价安排”。

  3、财务信息披露

  《企业会计准则第36号——关联方披露》第10条

  企业与关联方发生关联方交易的,应当在附注中披露该关联方关系的性质、交易类型及交易要素。交易要素至少应当包括:

  (一)交易的金额。

  (二)未结算项目的金额、条款和条件,以及有关提供或取得担保的信息。

  (三)未结算应收项目的坏账准备金额。

  (四)定价政策。

  《企业会计准则第36号——关联方披露》第11条

  关联方交易应当分别关联方以及交易类型予以披露。类型相似的关联方交易,在不影响财务报表阅读者正确理解关联方交易对财务报表影响的情况下,可以合并披露。

  上述规定通常只适用于上市公司,附注是对财务报表的补充说明,为了让财务报表的使用者了解真实、可靠的财务信息,防止通过关联交易来“修饰”数据。

  三、关联交易的正当性审查

  关联交易的正当性,主要基于公司法的要求,即不得通过关联交易损害公司利益。税法方面,虽然也要求关联交易的定价公允,但只是对计税金额的限制,不影响合同的效力及履行。

  《公司法》第22条

  公司的控股股东、实际控制人、董事、监事、高级管理人员不得利用关联关系损害公司利益。

  《旧公司法司法解释五》第1条

  关联交易损害公司利益,原告公司依据民法典第八十四条、公司法第二十一条规定请求控股股东、实际控制人、监事、高级管理人员赔偿所造成的损失,被告仅以该交易已经履行了信息披露、经股东会或者股东大会同意等法律、行政法规或者公司章程规定的程序为由抗辩的,人民法院不予支持。

  可见,关联交易的正当性包括程序上与实质上的审查,至于实质正当但是程序不合法的关联交易,仍然是不正当的,依据为违反程序的关联交易所得收入仍应归入公司。

  四、不当关联交易的法律后果

  1、损害公司利益

  不当关联交易可能造成两类后果,一是公司损失,二是关联方受益。对于公司受到的损失,关联方应承担赔偿责任;对于关联方收益的部分,其所得的收入应该归公司所有。

  《公司法》第22条

  ......违反前款规定,给公司造成损失的,应当承担赔偿责任。

  《公司法》第186条

  董事、监事、高级管理人员违反本法第一百八十一条至第一百八十四条规定所得的收入应当归公司所有。

  司法实践中,是否构成关联交易、非正当性的认定、交易价格是否公允、因果关系、损失后果等会作为案件的争议焦点进行审查。

  2、税务机关的核定权

  税法上的关联交易不一定违反公司法,只是不符合独立交易原则,可能导致国家税款的损失,因此税务机关有权对交易价格进行调整。

  《税收征收管理法》第36条

  企业或者外国企业在中国境内设立的从事生产、经营的机构、场所与其关联企业之间的业务往来,应当按照独立企业之间的业务往来收取或者支付价款、费用;不按照独立企业之间的业务往来收取或者支付价款、费用,而减少其应纳税的收入或者所得额的,税务机关有权进行合理调整。

  《税收征收管理法实施细则》第54条

  纳税人与其关联企业之间的业务往来有下列情形之一的,税务机关可以调整其应纳税额:

  (一)购销业务未按照独立企业之间的业务往来作价;

  (二)融通资金所支付或者收取的利息超过或者低于没有关联关系的企业之间所能同意的数额,或者利率超过或者低于同类业务的正常利率;

  (三)提供劳务,未按照独立企业之间业务往来收取或者支付劳务费用;

  (四)转让财产、提供财产使用权等业务往来,未按照独立企业之间业务往来作价或者收取、支付费用;

  (五)未按照独立企业之间业务往来作价的其他情形。

  《税收征收管理法实施细则》第55条

  纳税人有本细则第五十四条所列情形之一的,税务机关可以按照下列方法调整计税收入额或者所得额:

  (一)按照独立企业之间进行的相同或者类似业务活动的价格;

  (二)按照再销售给无关联关系的第三者的价格所应取得的收入和利润水平;

  (三)按照成本加合理的费用和利润;

  (四)按照其他合理的方法。

  《税收征收管理法实施细则》第56条

  纳税人与其关联企业未按照独立企业之间的业务往来支付价款、费用的,税务机关自该业务往来发生的纳税年度起3年内进行调整;有特殊情况的,可以自该业务往来发生的纳税年度起10年内进行调整。

  需要说明的是,关联交易价格被税务机关调整并不构成偷税,偷税对应的是滞纳金及罚款,关联交易调整是加收利息。

明晰破产实操指引,优化市场营商环境:《企业破产程序中若干税费征管事项的公告》解读

公告核心内容

  1、明确税务机关申报税费债权的范围包括:税费及滞纳金、罚款,社会保险费及其滞纳金,非税收入及其滞纳金,并明确各种债权类别;

  2、强调税收债权确认的截止日为人民法院裁定受理破产申请之日,裁定日未到期债权加速到期;

  3、规定破产期间办理涉税事项的各项规范,如:进入破产程序后税务机关应中止保全措施和强制执行措施;破产期间纳税申报义务人为管理人;管理人可使用管理人印章办理涉税事项;非正常状态破产企业完成补充申报,并由税务机关出具处罚决定书后,应立即解除企业非正常状态;

  4、将破产期间新发生税款按不同情形分别定性为破产费用或共益债务;

  5、明确重整计划或和解协议未清偿税款及其滞纳金,不影响信用修复、税务注销事项;

  6、文件自2025年11月27日公布之日起施行,公告生效前已受理但未终结的破产案件,统一按新规定执行。

  最高人民法院工作报告披露,2024年,各级人民法院审结破产案3万件,盘活资产7900余亿元,同比增长6.5%,积极引导重整,帮助650余家企业走出困境。破产程序在市场主体退出与重整中的作用日益重要,但破产涉税问题日益复杂化和多元化,在实践中面临诸多政策衔接与执行难题。

  为落实“健全企业破产机制”的要求,国家税务总局与最高人民法院于2025年11月27日联合发布《企业破产程序中若干税费征管事项的公告》(国家税务总局 最高人民法院公告2025年第24号,以下简称“24号公告”)。该公告的亮点包括:

  明确申报期限未届满的纳税义务需提前申报:

  受理破产前已发生但法定申报期限未届满的纳税义务,视为到期,应办理申报并纳入破产债权。

  强化管理人履行涉税职责的义务:

  管理人应代表债务人履行破产期间的纳税申报、开票等义务,并细化了办理流程与保障机制。

  24号公告自发布之日起施行,系统整合了以往分散在破产法规中的涉税政策,统一了税收征管与破产司法程序的衔接标准,强化了操作性与一致性。本文从24号公告发布前破产案件中涉税争议事项、24号公告建立税收征管与破产司法程序衔接机制、24号公告的核心要点及解决的问题和结语及展望等四个维度,系统解读其制度创新与实务影响。

  一、24号公告发布前破产案件中涉税争议事项

  目前在破产案件税收征管实践中仍存在诸多争议,既涵盖税款债权的申报范围、确认标准等核心问题,也涉及欠税滞纳金的计算基数与截止时点、清偿顺位等具体操作问题,部分事项因现行税收法规与破产法律制度的衔接不够明确,尚未形成统一的税收征管规范。

  (一)破产案件受理前所欠税款产生的滞纳金的债权性质

  主要争议点:

  破产案件受理前所欠税款产生的滞纳金应认定为税款债权,还是普通债权?

  《国家税务总局关于税收优先权包括滞纳金问题的批复》(国税函[2008]1084号):“《税收征收管理法》第四十五条规定的税收优先权执行时包括税款及其滞纳金”之规定,滞纳金与税款都具有税收优先权,滞纳金应列入优先债权,优先清偿。

  《最高人民法院关于税务机关就破产企业欠缴税款产生的滞纳金提起的债权确认之诉应否受理问题的批复》(法释[2012]9号):“破产企业在破产案件受理前因欠缴税款产生的滞纳金属于普通破产债权”之规定,破产案件受理前的税款滞纳金应认定为普通债权。

  (二)税务机关加收滞纳金超过税款本金的部分是否予以确认

  主要争议点:

  税务机关加收滞纳金超过税款本金的部分是否应予以确认为破产债权?

  《税收征收管理法》:“纳税人未按照规定期限缴纳税款的,扣缴义务人未按照规定期限解缴税款的,税务机关除责令限期缴纳外,从滞纳税款之日起,按日加收滞纳税款万分之五的滞纳金。”之规定,该条款并未约定税款滞纳金不得超过税款本金,加收滞纳金超过税款本金的部分应予以确认。

  《行政强制法》:“行政机关依法作出金钱给付义务的行政决定,当事人逾期不履行的,行政机关可以依法加处罚款或者滞纳金。加处罚款或者滞纳金的标准应当告知当事人。加处罚款或者滞纳金的数额不得超出金钱给付义务的数额”之规定,税务机关加收滞纳金的行为,应当遵守滞纳金的数额不得超出金钱给付义务数额的规定,对于加收滞纳金超过税款本金的部分不应予以确认。

  (三)税务机关征收的非税收入是否具有优先权

  主要争议点:

  部分税务机关认为:其由税务机关征收,具备税款属性,具有税收优先权,应列入优先债权,优先清偿。

  《政府非税收入管理办法》规定:“教育费附加、地方教育附加”应归类为税务机关代替其他部门征收的非税收入,应将其认定为普通债权。

  (四)进入破产程序后,税务机关能否就前欠税款采取强制执行措施

  主要争议点:

  进入破产程序后,税务机关就前欠税款是否仍能采取强制执行措施?是否有失公平?

  《税收征收管理法》:“从事生产、经营的纳税人、扣缴义务人未按照规定的期限缴纳或者解缴税款,纳税担保人未按照规定的期限缴纳所担保的税款,由税务机关责令限期缴纳,逾期仍未缴纳的,经县以上税务局(分局)局长批准,税务机关可以采取下列强制执行措施:(一)书面通知其开户银行或者其他金融机构从其存款中扣缴税款;(二)扣押、查封、依法拍卖或者变卖其价值相当于应纳税款的商品、货物或者其他财产,以拍卖或者变卖所得抵缴税款。税务机关采取强制执行措施时,对前款所列纳税人、扣缴义务人、纳税担保人未缴纳的滞纳金同时强制执行。”之规定,税务机关就未按期缴纳的税款及滞纳金,可以采取强制执行措施,不应因企业进入破产程序而丧失该项权力。

  《企业破产法》:“人民法院受理破产申请后,债务人对个别债权人的债务清偿无效。”“人民法院受理破产申请后,有关债务人财产的保全措施应当解除,执行程序应当中止。”之规定,进入破产程序后,税务机关应中止强制执行措施,不得再强制执行追缴税款,否则可能形成“个别清偿”,有失公平。

  (五)税款债权与担保债权的优先级

  主要争议点:

  当税款债权发生在担保债权之前,税款债权是否应先于担保债权清偿?

  《税收征收管理法》:“纳税人欠缴的税款发生在纳税人以其财产设定抵押、质押或者纳税人的财产被留置之前的,税收应当先于抵押权、质权、留置权执行”之规定,税款债权发生在担保债权之前的,税款债权应优先于担保债权。

  《企业破产法》:“对破产人的特定财产享有担保权的权利人,对该特定财产享有优先受偿的权利。”及《破产法司法解释》:“对债务人的特定财产在担保物权消灭或者实现担保物权后的剩余部分,在破产程序中可用以清偿破产费用、共益债务和其他破产债权”之规定,担保债权应优先于破产费用、共益债务及其他无担保债权清偿,即:无论税款债权是否发生在担保债权之前,担保债权均应优先于税款债权清偿。

  二、24号公告建立税收征管与破产司法程序衔接机制

  24号公告作为国家税务总局与最高人民法院联合发布的专项政策,其核心意义在于系统性地构建了税收征管与破产司法程序之间的衔接机制。该机制有效整合了以往散见于多部法律法规及规范性文件中的涉税规则,统一了衔接标准并细化了操作指引,从而有效化解了因部门规范不一、执法尺度不同所导致的实践冲突。

  (一)系统整合既有政策

  24号公告对破产涉税领域的主要法律及政策依据进行了梳理与整合,其规范基础主要包括:

  1.法律:

  《中华人民共和国企业破产法》、《中华人民共和国税收征收管理法》。

  2.司法解释:

  最高人民法院《关于税务机关就破产企业欠缴税款产生的滞纳金提起的债权确认之诉应否受理问题的批复》(法释[2012]9号)等。

  3.税收规范性文件:

  《国家税务总局关于税收征管若干事项的公告》(2019年第48号)、《国家税务总局关于深化“放管服”改革更大力度推进优化税务注销办理程序工作的通知》(税总发[2019]64号)等相关规定。

  (二)明确施行与衔接安排

  为确保新规定平稳落地并保持政策连续性,24号公告明确了以下施行与衔接规则:

  1.施行时间:

  自2025年11月27日公布之日起施行。

  2.衔接适用:

  对于公告生效前已受理但尚未终结的破产案件,统一按照24号公告的新规定执行。

  3.文件清理:

  同步废止《国家税务总局公告2019年第48号》第四条及《税总发[2019]64号》文第一条第三项等相关内容,以避免新旧政策冲突,确保执法依据的统一性与清晰性。

  三、24号公告的核心要点及解决的问题

  (一)明确税务机关在破产程序中债权申报的范围及债权性质

  1、债权申报范围

  企业破产时,税务机关作为债权人,应依法在人民法院确定的债权申报期限内,向管理人申报债权。申报债权范围在《国家税务总局关于税收征管若干事项的公告》(国家税务总局公告2019年第48号,以下简称“48号公告”)第四条(该条款已被24号公告废止)规定的企业所欠税款(含教育费附加和地方教育附加)、滞纳金、罚款及特别纳税调整产生的利息基础上,24号公告进一步明确将以下项目正式纳入法定申报范围:

  (1)税费及滞纳金、罚款:

  企业所欠税款(含教育费附加、地方教育附加)、税款滞纳金、罚款以及因特别纳税调整产生的利息。

  (2)社会保险费及其滞纳金:

  除破产人所欠的应当划入职工个人账户的基本养老保险、基本医疗保险费用以外的社会保险费及其滞纳金。

  (3)非税收入及其滞纳金:

  税务机关征收的,法律责任和政策依据明确的非税收入及其滞纳金(违约金)。

  此前,虽无明文规定,但实践中税务机关作为社保费和部分非税收入的征收主体,通常已代为申报。本次24号公告将上述事项正式纳入法定申报范围,实现制度统一与明确,确保了申报范围的完整性与权威性。

2、债权申报类别与清偿顺位

  24号公告明确“税款、社会保险费按照企业破产法相关规定单独申报;税款滞纳金、利息按照普通破产债权申报;社会保险费滞纳金、罚款按规定申报”的分类标准,进一步明晰债权类别,终结以往“滞纳金与税款同顺位清偿”等争议事项。

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(二)明确受理破产前未到期纳税义务的申报规则与债权确认节点

  24号公告系统规范了破产受理前纳税义务的处理,核心在于确立税款债权确认的法定截止日,并对未到期义务作加速到期处理,以确保破产债权核查的完整性与公平性。

  1、税款债权确认的截止日

  以“人民法院裁定受理破产申请之日”作为计算和确认税款及其滞纳金的截止日。截止日之后新发生的税费,不纳入本次破产债权的申报范围。

  2、未到期纳税义务加速到期

  对于在人民法院裁定受理破产申请前已经发生,但法定申报期限尚未届满的纳税、缴费义务,视为其申报期限已到期。管理人应代表债务人依法办理相关税费的申报,税务机关据此申报债权,并纳入后续的破产清偿程序统一处理。

  Case

  【典型场景示例】

  企业所得税年度汇算清缴:

  即使破产发生在会计年度中途,也应将破产受理前的实际经营期间视同一个完整的纳税年度,依法完成汇算清缴。

  举例:

  若法院于2026年3月1日受理A企业破产,则A企业2025年度的企业所得税汇算清缴(原申报截止日为2026年5月31日)视为已到期,须立即完成申报。

  土地增值税清算:

  若在破产受理前已达到土地增值税清算条件但尚未申报的,应依法进行清算申报。

  此前,对此类情形缺乏统一规范,实践中就是否需要提前申报常存争议,影响了破产债权核查与资产清理工作的完整性。24号公告填补了制度空白,其意义在于:一是强化税收债权及时确认,确保所有破产受理前已产生的税费得以全面揭示和确认。二是防止税费规避,堵住了利用破产程序启动时点来规避潜在大额税费的漏洞。

  保障公平受偿:

  有助于全面、准确地厘清债务人资产负债状况,维护全体债权人的公平受偿权益。

  (三)明确管理人涉税义务与履职保障机制

  24号公告将破产管理人办理涉税事项从一项可行使的权利,正式确立为一项“应当”履行的法定责任。管理人自接管债务人财产和营业事务之日起,即应代表企业依法履行包括申报纳税、扣缴税款、开具发票等在内的全部涉税义务。

  为保障管理人有效履职,24号公告同步细化了具体操作规范与支持措施:

  1、解除保全与中止执行

  税务机关在收到人民法院受理破产申请的裁定书和指定管理人决定书后,应当依法解除对债务人财产的查封、扣押、冻结等保全措施,并中止强制执行措施。

  2、统一办税证明材料

  管理人办理涉税事项时,需出具“人民法院受理破产申请的裁定书、指定管理人决定书、授权委托书、经办人身份证件”等材料。此举统一了各地税务机关此前口径不统一的要求,解决了因“证明材料不足”导致的办税难题。

  3、认可管理人印章效力

  明确允许管理人在办理涉税事项时使用管理人印章代替债务人企业公章。同时,管理人的经办人员完成实名认证后,可作为办税人员操作。这有效解决了因债务人公章遗失、人员离职或不配合而产生的实操障碍。

  4、支持电子化办税

  经实名信息采集与验证后,管理人的经办人员可通过电子税务局查询、处理债务人的涉税费事项,提升办理效率。

  5、明确非正常状态解除程序

  若债务人处于税务非正常状态,管理人应就逾期未申报行为补办纳税申报,税务机关在出具相应处罚决定书后,应立即解除企业的非正常状态,确保破产程序顺利推进。

  这一系列规定,在压实管理人涉税主体责任的同时,配套提供了清晰的操作路径和便利化措施,强化了破产程序中的税收合规性,显著提升了涉税事项办理的规范性与操作效率。

  (四)首次在税收规范性文件中明确破产程序中两类新发生税费的法律属性

  24号公告明确对于新发生税款区分不同情形,“处置债务人财产发生的相关税费为破产费用(优先级高),因继续营业发生的相关税费为共益债务”,并规定由债务人财产随时清偿,解决“先缴税还是先偿债”的争议。对于破产程序中新发生的税费,应根据其产生原因分别定性为破产费用或共益债务:

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尽管部分地区法院与税务机关在实践中已有类似操作,但此前税收规范性文件从未对此作出统一的规定。同时《企业破产法》本身虽对破产费用与共益债务有明确规定,却未就具体税费类型作出对应操作指引。24号公告从税收征管角度与司法实践衔接,填补了制度空白,实现了税法与破产法的有效协同。

  (五)明确信用修复与税务注销规则,助力企业重整再生

  24号公告针对重整、和解及破产清算程序,明确了宽松的信用修复与便捷的税务注销规则,旨在实质性地消除市场主体退出或重整过程中的制度性障碍。

  1、纳税缴费信用修复

  24号公告明确规定:在重整或和解程序中,即便税款滞纳金、罚款及因特别纳税调整产生的利息等债权未获清偿或未以现金方式清偿(根据《企业破产法》,该类债权属普通债权,依重整计划或和解协议可能被豁免或通过债转股等方式处理),不影响企业申请纳税缴费信用修复和后续信用评价,也不影响办理迁移、注销等涉税事项。

  此前实践中,各地税务机关虽普遍允许进行信用修复,但常以“缴清”相关款项为隐含前提条件,这与破产法律框架下普通债权的处理规则(非必须现金清偿)存在冲突,导致重整企业背负历史污点、难以轻装恢复经营。本次公告统一了全国执行口径,消除了关键分歧,切实为企业纾困解难提供了制度支持。

  2、破产清算税务注销

  对于经人民法院裁定宣告破产的企业,24号公告明确了便捷的退出通道:企业仅需持人民法院出具的终结破产程序裁定书向税务机关申请税务注销,税务机关即应当即时出具清税文书,并按规定核销“死欠”(即确实无法清偿的欠税)。

  此规定为彻底终结破产企业法人资格、便捷市场主体退出提供了清晰、高效的制度依据,有效清理了企业的历史包袱和“堵点”。

  四、结语及展望

  24号公告的发布,是在深化营商环境改革的宏观背景下,推动税收征管体系与破产司法程序深度融合、构建协同治理新格局的关键一步。该公告系统整合了长期以来分散在多部法律法规及规范性文件中的破产涉税规则,从债权申报、管理人职责、未到期纳税义务处理到新发生税费性质的划分、信用修复与税务注销等多个核心环节,建立起一套权责清晰、覆盖破产全流程的税收管理机制。这不仅有效解决了以往因规则不统一、口径各异所导致的诸多实践争议,更显著提升了破产涉税事项处理的规范性、透明度与可预期性。

  随着各地执法标准逐步统一,破产程序中的财税管理将步入更加制度化、标准化的发展轨道。公告既为管理人依法履职提供了明确的指引和操作便利,也为税务机关规范执法、法院依法裁判提供了共同遵循的基准,有助于在保障国家税收安全与维护纳税人合法权益之间实现更优平衡,进一步畅通市场主体退出与脱困渠道。

  同时,24号公告作为一项框架性规范政策,在部分具体执行层面仍留有一定解释与细化空间。例如:滞纳金超过税款本金部分的债权确认与清偿规则、破产期间新生税款所产生滞纳金的性质界定、税款债权与担保债权发生竞合时的清偿顺位等实务中关注度较高的问题,尚未在公告中进行最终明确。这些“留白”既反映了制度的审慎,也提示了未来政策持续完善的方向。

  展望未来,期待有关部门依据24号公告施行后的实践反馈,通过发布操作指引、问答或案例等方式,对未尽事宜作进一步明确与细化,推动形成更统一、透明、可操作的执行标准,从而在更高水平上统筹破产程序的公平、效率和可预期性,助力推进建设全国统一大市场和健全市场机制、优化营商环境。